![]() ![]() However, there is disagreement as to when this year was chosen as the beginning of the Muslim calendar. The lunar hijri calendar begins its count from the year the Prophet (s) emigrated from Mecca to Medina. In Iran, the lunar hijri calendar was replaced by the solar hijri calendar in Farvardin 11th, 1304 SH/ March 31, 1925, and the same change was made in Afghanistan in 1301 Sh/1922. The lunar hijri calendar was the official calendar of the Muslim countries prior to the first world war (1914-1918 CE). Muslims have used this calendar to organize their religious deeds and rites, and thus the calendar is also called the Islamic calendar as well. It was called hijri because the hijra (emigration) of the Prophet (s) in 622 CE marked its beginning. The lunar hijri calendar is a calendar based on the cycles of the Moon’s phases. The month in a lunar hijri year are in the following order: Muharram, Safar, Rabiʿ I, Rabiʿ II, Jumada I, Jumada II, Rajab, Shaʿban, Ramadan, Shawwal, Dhu l-Qaʿda, and Dhu l-Hijja. Tawus, a renowned Shia scholar in the seventh/thirteenth century, held that the month of Ramadan was probably the beginning of the religious calendar and the month of Muharram was the beginning of the ordinary calendar. According to some hadiths, the month of Ramadan is the first month of the hijri lunar year, and thus religious practices and rituals begin, in some prayer books, with the rites of the month of Ramadan and end with the practices of the month of Shaʿban. ![]() The first month in this calendar is Muharram and the last month is Dhu l-Hijja. This year was reportedly chosen as the first year of the Muslim calendar during the caliphate of Umar with the suggestion of Imam Ali (a).Ī lunar hijri year has 354 or 355 days it is ten or eleven days shorter than a solar hijri year. This calendar begins its count from 622 CE when Prophet Muhammad (s) emigrated from Mecca to Medina. The lunar hijri calendar is a calendar based on the cycles of the Moon’s phases and is used, among other things, to organize Islamic rituals. ![]()
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